The direct detection of Einstein's gravitational
waves will open up an entirely new spectrum.
Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves in 1916, but the
world had to wait until 1993, when Joseph Taylor and Russell Hulse were
awarded the Nobel Prize for an indirect proof of their existence. They proved
that the loss of energy from a pair of neutron stars was due to the production
of gravitational waves. Gravitational waves are akin to sound waves, but
they travel through space at the speed of light. When black holes are formed
they can produce more gravity wave power than the light power of all the
stars in the universe put together! And yet gravitational waves pass through
the earth as if it was not there. Even when their energy is enormous, they
make infinitesimal vibrations, much smaller than the size of an atom. Over
the last 30 years, scientists have created increasingly sensitive detectors
with the hope of detecting these signals from space. At last, we are at
a threshold where detectors have been designed that are certain to detect
known signals from coalescing pairs of superdense neutron stars and black
holes. It is likely that gravitational waves will be detected within the
next decade and once detected, the exploration of this new spectrum offers
the most exciting frontier of physics today.

